Individual differences in the development of gendered speech in preschool children: evidence from a longitudinal study

Purpose: We evaluated whether naive listeners’ ratings of the gender typicality of the speech of children assigned male at birth (AMAB) and children assigned female at birth (AFAB) were different at two time points: one at which children were 2.5–3.5 years old and one when they were 4.5–5.5 years old. We also examined whether measures of speech, language, and inhibitory control predicted developmental changes in these ratings.